Mange in Foxes

Mange in Foxes refers to a parasitic skin disease caused primarily by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei. It is a common and serious condition affecting red, arctic, and grey foxes, among other wild canids. Mange causes intense itching, hair loss, skin thickening, secondary infections, and can ultimately be fatal if untreated.

(1991).

“Sarcoptic mange in wildlife.”

Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics) 10(2)

405–422.

This page is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional veterinary advice. All medical decisions for wildlife should be made under the guidance of a licensed veterinarian or wildlife rehabilitator. Information presented here is based on publicly available sources on the Internet and may not reflect the most current research or regulations.

Overview

Sarcoptic mange is caused by microscopic mites that burrow into the skin, causing irritation and inflammation. Foxes are particularly susceptible, and the condition spreads through direct contact or via contaminated dens. Left untreated, mange can impair thermoregulation and mobility, leading to hypothermia, starvation, or death.

Signs and Symptoms

Common signs of mange in foxes include:

• Patchy hair loss, especially on the tail, legs, and face
• Crusty or thickened skin
• Excessive scratching and restlessness
• Weight loss and lethargy
• Secondary bacterial skin infections
• Reduced fear of humans (due to weakness and disorientation)

First Response

Wherever possible, the recommended first step is to contact a licensed wildlife rehabilitator or veterinarian experienced with foxes. Many jurisdictions require permits to capture and treat wild foxes, and trained professionals can provide the most effective care.

If a licensed rehabber is available:

1. Observe from a distance and note the animal’s location and behavior.
2. Contact the rehabilitator with details and, if possible, clear photos to assess severity.
3. Do not attempt to capture the animal without professional instruction.

Treatment When No Rehabber Is Available

In regions where professional help is not available, mange can be treated under veterinary guidance with acaricidal medications. Foxes must still be approached cautiously, and treatment should be carried out in compliance with local wildlife laws.

Common treatment options include:

• Ivermectin – Oral or injectable, dosed at approximately 0.2–0.4 mg/kg weekly for 3–6 weeks. Should be administered under veterinary oversight.
• Selamectin – Topical spot-on formulations (e.g., Revolution®) applied monthly for 2–3 months.
• Moxidectin – Often combined with imidacloprid in spot-on products (e.g., Advantage Multi®).

Caveats and Safety Notes

• Kits (juvenile foxes) – Ivermectin can be toxic in young kits or underweight animals; dosing must be calculated precisely by a veterinarian. Topical treatments may be safer for juveniles.
• Overdosing risk – Administering multiple treatments at once or using livestock-strength formulations without proper dilution can be fatal.
• Secondary infections – Mange lesions are prone to bacterial infection; antibiotics may be required.
• Environmental persistence – Sarcoptic mites can survive for short periods off-host. Bedding, dens, and enclosures should be cleaned and disinfected.

Legal and Ethical Considerations

Wildlife laws vary by jurisdiction. In many areas, handling or medicating wild foxes without a license is prohibited. Contacting a licensed rehabber first ensures compliance and improves outcomes for the animal.

Prevention

While prevention is not always possible in the wild, prompt treatment of affected individuals in sanctuary or rehabilitation settings can limit spread. Newly admitted foxes should be quarantined and observed for signs of mange.

See also

• List of animal sanctuaries

External links

• Template:Official website
• Template:Official website